Times have also changed in Romania, although travelers can remember that just a few decades ago they had to knock on the door of the village priest to secure a camp for the night. In the meantime, Romania has shed the status of a tourist developing country, and even in the most remote regions of Maramures or the Banat, the sign “Retea turistica” can be read on the freshly painted wooden houses. The charming guesthouses of rural Romania almost without exception have a shower, and the price of accommodation often includes a hearty dinner and, of course, the family connection. Once upon a time, the dreaded Romanian despot Ceausescu had forbidden guests to be accommodated in private houses under penalty. The course of history overthrew the dictator and released the land between the Black Sea and the Pannonian Plain from the Middle Ages to the present day.
The Palace of Parliament in Bucharest – One of the largest buildings in the world in terms of surface area
For centuries, a number of peoples have shaped the face of this region and also its cultures. In the beginning, it was Romans and Greeks who left their mark on Romania, later came Jews, Germans and Austrians. And so there are still numerous traces of history in Transylvania today. Viennese cuisine has influenced gastronomic idiosyncrasies since the era of the Habsburg monarchy, and in the once fortified Transylvania, around 150 fortified churches can still be visited. They once had the task of protecting themselves from the pillaging Tatars and the Turks.
Slender towers and roofs covered with shingles are the hallmarks of the impressive wooden churches in Romania. They are made of wood for a good reason, because the villages were forbidden to build Orthodox places of worship out of stone. UNESCO has declared eight historically particularly valuable churches in Maramures as World Heritage Sites. On a round trip through Romania, the picturesque landscape with its wide fields is particularly fascinating. On them, it is almost always the horses that take over the work – as they have always done. Here and there, holidaymakers have to do without their usual comfort in the West in the hotels and guesthouses if they are off the beaten track or have even set off on a trekking in the Carpathians.
One of the many beautiful waterfalls in Romania, Image: Vania Tonova / shutterstock
Many a traveller searches Romania for the traces of the legendary “Dracula”. Although there was a prince named Vlad Dracul III, who served as a model for the blood-sucking demon and saw the light of day in the colorful and fairytale Sighisoara, “Dracula” is actually just a movie character. Sighisoara, with its winding medieval streets and the colourful houses of the old town, is a real eye-catcher and a Transylvanian showpiece. But there are no vampires here either – and hardly any inhabitant hangs a bundle of garlic on the front door to ward off the supposed bloodsuckers.
However, said Prince Dracula is said to have been a feared fighter who, according to tradition, slew his opponents with stakes, which earned him the nickname “Vlad the Impaler” during his lifetime. In 1477, however, he was defeated and his severed head is said to have pleased Sultan Mohammed II in Constantinople. Supposedly, the bones of the prince found their final resting place in the monastery of Snagov on a small island near Bucharest.
The capital Bucharest is proud of its past and presents it with an impressive Palace of the President, the Square of the Patriarchs and a triumphal arch, among other things. It is a metropolis with confectioner-style houses and a remarkable art and culture scene. Sibiu, which can also be found on the maps as Sibiu, became the European Capital of Culture in 2007, and Brasov is something like the stony conscience of historic Transylvania. For many visitors, the picturesque centre with its baroque and Gothic facades serves as the starting point for their activities in Romania. And thus in a country with a social divide and many hospitable people.
No question: Paradise can hardly be more beautiful! Réunion is not just any island in the Indian Ocean – it is probably the most versatile. Anyone who stands on the summit of the two-thousand-metre-high Maido and looks down at the white beaches and the exciting coral gardens is undoubtedly an enviable person. Experienced mountain guides accompany holidaymakers to the volcanoes and many a Creole hums the enchanting anthem of this island on the way. She tells of the bourbon vanilla that once gave this island its name. “P’tit fleur fanée” – the product of a small fragrant flower made Réunion famous all over the world in the 19th century, because bourbon vanilla is considered one of the most expensive spices of all and is still an important export good.
View of Saint Denis, Image: julienjanusko / shutterstock
This island is something like the French outpost in the waters of the Indian Ocean. It is manageable and has a land area roughly the size of Luxembourg. Since the end of the Second World War, Réunion has been designated as a department of the European motherland. Here you pay your bills in euros, and it is an advantage to know at least a few chunks of the French language if you stay in one of the beautiful hotels or resorts there. On the nautical charts, Réunion can be found two thousand kilometres away from the African continent, and it was the discoverers of the seafaring nation of Portugal who were the first to land here in the 16th century.
Rocky coasts and almost impenetrable rainforests can be found in the south of the island. Les Hauts and Saint-Joseph are a hiking area that is being visited by more and more holidaymakers because the flowering gardens extend to higher altitudes and where the island has retained its original appearance. The most impressive beaches are located on the west side of Réunion and invite you to take long walks on the fine black or white sand. The lagoons open up to the open sea where the coral banks are intact and where a colorful underwater world spreads. An interesting agricultural museum has been housed in a former factory in the centre of Saint Leu, where the story of coffee and sugar cane cultivation is told.
One beautiful beach follows the other, Image: Balate Dorin / shutterstock
As a holidaymaker, you should not miss the cemetery of the seafarers. Among other things, the notorious pirate La Buse has been laid to rest on it. The buccaneer of the seas was brought before the judge in shackles on Réunion in 1730 and sentenced to death. But the poet Leconte Delisle, who put his lyrical verses on paper based on the model of ancient Greek tragedy, is also buried in the cemetery of the seafarers.
Many inhabitants of Réunion have lost their hearts to the sport of surfing. Dancing on and with the waves is their passion, because they find the best conditions for practicing their daring jumps off the coast of Saint Leu. A special speciality and part of the World Cup there is the “Left Wave”. At the Kélonia Centre, turtles are nursed back to health and later released on the beaches.
At Boucan Canot, water sports are at home in all its facets. There, a six-hundred-metre-long steel net protects holidaymakers from possible shark attacks.
Almost exactly in the middle of the island lies the town of Cilaos with its thermal springs. It is located in a valley basin and has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Settlers ploughed this lovely valley at the foot of the often snow-covered Piton de Neiges as early as the 18th century. If you want a special adrenaline kick during your holiday, you can try canyoning in the “Iron Gorge” in the Fleurs Jaunes. Rèunion is an ideal long-distance destination for people who are enthusiastic about trekking or hiking, but also want to switch off on deserted beaches and bays.
Facts about Réunion
French Overseas Department: Réunion is a French overseas department and thus an integral part of France and the European Union.
Currency: As it is a part of France, the official currency is the Euro (€).
Population and language: The majority of the population speaks French, and there are also a variety of creole languages. The island has a diverse population with African, European, Malagasy, and Asian roots.
Landscape and topography: Réunion is of volcanic origin and is home to two volcanoes: the Piton de la Fournaise, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and the Piton des Neiges, the highest point in the Indian Ocean.
Economy: Réunion’s economy is mainly based on the service sector, but agriculture, especially the cultivation of sugar cane, also plays an important role.
Tourism: Known for its stunning scenery, hiking trails, beaches and water sports, Réunion attracts many tourists.
Nature and biodiversity: The island is home to many endemic species, i.e. species that do not occur naturally anywhere else in the world. There are also three marine nature reserves around Réunion.
Climate: Réunion has a tropical climate, with a warm and humid period from November to April and a cooler and drier period from May to October.
Culinary diversity: Réunion’s cuisine is a mix of French, Indian, African, and Chinese influences, and it’s known for its spices and flavors.
Piton de la Fournaise: The Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most frequently erupted volcanoes in the world and a major attraction for tourists and scientists.
Education: Réunion has a high literacy rate, and there are various institutions of higher education on the island, including a university, the Université de la Réunion.
The main festivals in Réunion
Various traditional and cultural festivals are celebrated on Réunion. Here are some of the festivities that take place on the island:
Fête de la Liberté: This festival is celebrated on December 20 and marks the end of slavery in Réunion. It is a public holiday on the island and is celebrated with music, dancing and parades.
Fête de la Musique: On June 21, Réunion, as in other parts of the world, celebrates the Fête de la Musique, or World Music Day. During this festival, there are many free concerts and music events.
Le Dipavali: The Dipavali, the Festival of Lights, is an important Hindu festival in Réunion that celebrates the victory of light over darkness. It is celebrated with processions, dance performances and the lighting of lamps.
Mardi Gras: As in many other parts of the world, Réunion celebrates Carnival or Mardi Gras, with parades, masks, costumes and music.
Fête du Miel Vert: This festival usually takes place in January and is an important agricultural festival dedicated to honey and other local products.
Fête du Choca: This is a culinary festival dedicated to the Choca plant. During the festival, there will be tastings and the opportunity to taste traditional dishes.
Tamil New Year: The Tamil New Year is celebrated every year in April and includes traditional dances, music and culinary specialties.
Grand Raid: Also known as La Diagonale des Fous, this ultra trail running event is one of the toughest in the world, attracting thousands of participants and spectators every year.
Chinese New Year: Chinese New Year is also celebrated in Réunion, as there is a significant Chinese community. It is celebrated with dragon dance, lion dance and fireworks.
National Day: On July 14, Réunion, like the rest of France, celebrates National Day with parades, fireworks and other festivities.
“Panama,” said the little bear, “Panama is our dream country, because it smells of bananas from top to bottom…” And then he set off with the tiger to the supposed dreamland, which the two never reached in Janosch’s children’s book. Rather, some time later, they realized that the country of their dreams was not to be found in central America, but on their own doorstep. “Oh, how beautiful is Panama” is the title of this sympathetic bestseller. And Janosch was undoubtedly right in his assessment, because Panama is indeed beautiful. Very beautiful, in fact, because it consists of lush pastures, white beaches with many palm trees, a breathtaking jungle and cities worth seeing from the colonial era of the country. And then there is the Panama Canal, which is still of paramount importance for world shipping because it spares the giants of the seas the detour via South America on their journey from San Francisco to New York .
The Panama Canal, Image: Galina Savina / shutterstock
The floods of two oceans wash around the country – the Atlantic and the Pacific. In some places, Panama is so narrow that the idea of a canal was born early on. After all, the sea route was shortened by a whopping almost 15,000 kilometres. The North Americans in particular had a great interest in the realization of this bold plan for economic and strategic reasons. Thus, the United States was the owner of the important waterway until the end of the last century. Actually, the French diplomat’s offspring Ferdinand de Lesseps had also wanted to build the Panama Canal, because it had already rendered outstanding services to the Suez Canal. But in the late 19th century, his plan failed because malaria killed seven of his workers every day and drove de Lesseps into bankruptcy. The bankruptcy estate was acquired by American President Theodore Roosevelt, thus securing American dominance in Panama.
Panama City, Image: Gualberto Becerra / shutterstock
On August 15, 1914, two hundred passengers stood at the railing when the mail steamer “Ancona” became the first ship to cross the 82 kilometers of the canal. Three locks have to be passed, which compensates for the difference to Lake Gatun. The Panama Canal is still hailed as a marvel of engineering, and tourists on board praise the scenic beauty on both shores near the Soberiania National Park. The tropical rainforest is home to numerous endangered animals, and the cries of capuchin monkeys and colorful parrots accompany travelers on their leisurely passage.
UNESCO has placed some of Panama’s scenic and historical wonders on its World Heritage List. For example, the Spanish fortresses of San Lorenzo and Portobelo as well as the old town of Panama City with the mighty cathedral from 1796 and those ruins that are the work of destruction by the Welsh buccaneer Henry Morgan. In his heyday, said Morgan was the commander-in-chief of no less than 36 ships.
Where is the Southern Cross? This is a question that many holidaymakers near the equator ask themselves. On the enchanting Robinson Islands off Panama, the stars have a particularly intense shine. On Isla Colon with its Bocas del Toro National Park, there is even a “Beach of the Stars”. But this is more due to the numerous starfish that can be found here near the beach. This is the ancestral region of the Kuna Indians, and since they gained sovereignty over the San Blas region after a rebellion, any tourist who wants to enter one of the almost deserted islands must submit an application to the Kuna village council.
The Indians of the Embera tribe are also proud owners of their land. They accompany vacationers in their canoes on the Chagres River, which winds lazily through Panama’s deep jungle. Panama has many faces, and those who are good on their feet and do not suffer from shortness of breath are even drawn up to the picture-book volcano Baru.
The city of the Meistersinger and Hans Sachs, the city of Albrecht Dürer, the first German railway and the inventor of the pocket watch Peter Henlein is not a city of slug window romanticism. The destruction in the Second World War has taken away all illusions in this respect. However – a big compliment to the Nuremberg city fathers: They resisted the temptation to build a concrete city on the ruins of the old town. Architects and craftsmen carefully resurrected the historic core city. As if in magic, they restored imaginatively and skillfully. The choirs and oriels have been adapted to the medieval heritage. The historic old town determines the image of the Franconian metropolis in a wonderful way. Nuremberg is cozy, traditional, hospitable, interesting, original and dynamic.
How strongly one is connected to Nuremberg’s city history is shown by the popular Old Town walks of the Nuremberg “Association of Friends of the Old Town”. The city can also be discovered unaccompanied. The starting point could be the main market. Here, the column of the oldest fountain in the city protrudes like a Gothic church spire. In the background, the towers of St. Sebaldus’ Church appear. The spacious square offers visitors from all over the world enough space for a magnificent view up to the mighty “Nourenberg”.
Meanwhile, the half-timbering of respectable citizens impresses and a turret contemplatively adorns the Pilatus House. Right across the street is the house of Nuremberg’s most famous man: Albrecht Dürer. On the approximately three-hour circular route, visitors enjoy a magical flair. Similar to a journey through time, they encounter countless locations. The town hall with hole prisons invites you to take an exciting tour. The 14th-century dungeons are in their original state and house torture chambers and a blacksmith’s workshop. The “Fränkische Weinstube” in the Handwerkerhof invites you to stop for a bite to eat.
The farm is located in the middle of the city, framed by the towers and walls of the five-kilometre-long city fortifications. Small, delightful half-timbered houses adorn this mini-city. Here you can look over the shoulders of the craftsmen and buy beautiful products. If you don’t shy away from the ascent to the Kaiserburg after all these impressions, you will be rewarded with a beautiful view over the city.
All kinds of interesting facts about the “treasure chest of the empire”
The crowning landmark of the old town is the Imperial Castle, which towers over the city on a mighty sandstone rock. 32 German emperors and kings have written German history from here. The Imperial Castle is one of the most important castle complexes in Central Europe. Particularly interesting are the romantic castle chapel, the knights’ and emperor’s hall as well as the Sinwell Tower. Discovering historic Nuremberg is easy. Visitors can reach countless art treasures and monuments on short distances. The three largest medieval churches are located directly at the foot of the Imperial Castle. In the middle of the closed half-timbered building at Tiergärtner Tor is Albrecht Dürer’s residence. He bought it in 1509 and lived in it until his death in 1528. A museum documents his life and work. After a stroll through history, a visit to the toy museum is recommended.
Where children’s dreams come true, well-known traditional companies have their headquarters today. For over 30 years, the Toy Museum has been captivating young and old. The “Nuremberg trinkets” have a tradition. No less famous is the Nuremberg Christmas Market. Who will leave Nuremberg without having nibbled on the historic gingerbread or tasted the Nuremberg bratwurst?
Not to forget, the lyre of the Frauenkirche. The carillon of Nuremberg’s Frauenkirche on the market square is something special: at 12 noon sharp, the 7 electors step out of the gable wall and pay homage to the emperor. This was once stipulated by Charles IV in his imperial constitution.
Tip: The castle district of Nuremberg is also lively at night and invites you to varied moments with a variety of pubs, culinary meetings and cabaret stages.
The Nuremberg Christmas Market. In the background you can see the Frauenkirche, Image: Mapics / shutterstock
Nuremberg, the city of museums and important personalities
As in only a few other major German cities, a large number of museums are concentrated on the Pegnitz, some of them of extraordinary importance. The Germanisches Nationalmuseum inspires with 1.2 million cultural-historical objects. The Kunsthalle Nürnberg presents impressive contemporary art and the Stadtmuseum Fembohaus invites you to 950 years of city history.
Not to forget the numerous personalities who made history in Nuremberg. In addition to Albrecht Dürer: Martin Behaim (1459-1507) – builder of the first globe, Adam Kraft (1455-1508) – sculptor, Hans Sachs (1494-1576) – poet and master singer and Peter Henlein (1480-15429) – inventor of the pocket watch. Nuremberg is a true “treasure chest”.
Bangkok – Thailand’s vibrant metropolis is a mega-city between tradition and modernity. There are merchants selling all kinds of goods on the street, tuk tuks and elephants, as well as lots of gold. A unique mix in a breathtaking metropolis. Therefore, it is no coincidence that films such as The Beach, James Bond or The Hangover are set here.
Bangkok from above, Image: Travel mania / shutterstock
Bangkok is the capital of Thailand with around 10 million inhabitants. Nobody knows exactly. Because even the authorities do not know exactly how many people live in the mega-city. The city is pure adventure. In addition, an exciting nightlife and the great beaches are not far away. Bangkok makes it pleasantly easy for tourists to discover the city. There is Suvurnabhumi Airport International Airport and Don Mueang Airport for domestic flights. Suvurabhumi Airport is connected to the city by a rail connection – the Bangkok Airport Link (SARL). Public transport is also very good and modern. There is a Skytrain (BTS) and a Metro (MRT). Tourists can reach all the important sights easily and comfortably. Tickets can be purchased from vending machines in English. Bangkok is a modern and cosmopolitan city and the Thais are very polite people.
Best time to visit Bangkok is from December to February
Thailand’s capital Bangkok is one of the most fascinating metropolises in the world and a very popular travel destination. Every year, millions of tourists from all over the world come to the city. Bangkok is characterized by a tropical climate. This ensures hot temperatures and high humidity. The best time to travel is from December to February. Because at this time there is hardly any rain and the temperatures are not quite as hot. At night, these are around a pleasant 20 degrees. The rainy season begins in May. This will then end again in November. However, it does not rain all day. Rather, there are short rain showers during this time, often in the afternoon and evening. In the rainy season it is very humid due to the very high humidity. On average, the temperatures in Bangkok are over 30 degrees during the day and around 20 degrees at night all year round.
Lots of exotic sights
A typical food stall in Bangkok, Image: David Kucera / shutterstock
Bangkok is rich in many exotic sights. Whether it’s ancient temples, palaces, fascinating waterways, relaxing parks or interesting markets and exciting nightlife, Bangkok has something for everyone. A ride through the khlongs is something very special. On so-called longboats, they go through the city’s water canals. Here is the original Bangkok. The tour leads past small huts on the shore and in the background you can see the huge skyscrapers of modern Bangkok. A trip to the famous floating markets in Damnoen is also highly recommended.
A visit to the Royal Palace is simply a must on a visit to Bangkok. The king in Thailand is very revered, and so every Thai comes here at least once in his life. The palace complex is a real feast for the eyes. Exotic figures and decorated temples everywhere. Inside, you can marvel at the very impressive golden chedis, statues and the Chapel of the Emerald Buddha. Not far from the Royal Palace is the temple Wat Pho with the famous reclining Buddha. The huge statue is a proud 45 meters long. There is also a beautiful garden and great chedis and prangs to discover. If you need a break after so much splendor and splendour, Lumphini Park is the right place for you. Bangkok’s green oasis is pure relaxation: it’s a great place to walk or enjoy a pedal boat ride on the lake.
Bangkok from above, backpacker’s paradise, markets and wild nightlife
Bangkok has a stunning skyline. Therefore, it is worthwhile to experience them from one of the numerous sky bars. An unforgettable sight! No less interesting is Khao San Road. The mecca of backpackers attracts people from all over the world.
The film The Beach with Leonardo Dicaprio is also likely to have played its part in this. There are countless cheap accommodations, bars, clubs, food stalls, stalls and also fried scorpions or various other insects. A very special experience is a visit to the Chatuchak Market. This is one of the largest weekend markets in the world with more than 10,000 stalls. There is nothing here that does not exist. Bangkok is also famous for its unique nightlife. This is extremely diverse and leaves nothing to be desired. There are countless bars, clubs and pubs everywhere. Like Sukhumvit Road, for example. Life rages here in the evenings. And under no circumstances should street food be missing from a visit to Bangkok. Everywhere in the city there are numerous stalls and food stalls that offer everything – delicious. In addition, the city is the starting point for a visit to one of Thailand’s numerous beautiful islands.
Mighty churches, magnificent palaces, picturesque alleys, domes, fountains and arcades – Salzburg is a total work of art in Austria. Alexander von Humboldt wrote around 1800 on his trip around the world: “I consider the regions of Salzburg, Naples and Constantinople to be the most beautiful on earth.” The city, which has just 148,000 inhabitants, recommends itself as the world capital of music. But that’s not all: Salzburg has a decidedly theatrical effect and is called the “stage of the world”. Beauty, play and art come together here. The atmosphere resembles a beautiful play. The white gold of the Middle Ages has made Salzburg rich. Today, countless treasures magically attract visitors.
The city is beautifully situated on both sides of the Salzach. The Hohensalzburg towers picturesquely above the city. The Salzburg flair enchants from the very beginning.
Between the Mönchsberg, the left bank of the Salzach and the Festungsberg, the old town presents itself with medieval narrow streets, arcaded courtyards and tall, narrow houses.
The bourgeois part of the city seems rather romantic, while the ecclesiastical-princely part between the Neutor and the Neugebäude inspires with magnificent buildings on wide squares. The centre of the old town is the wide Residenzplatz, the former centre of archiepiscopal power. It is adorned by one of the most beautiful and largest baroque fountains on this side of the Alps. The residence, first mentioned around 1120, houses 180 rooms and halls, including 15 state rooms. A visit is worthwhile. Afterwards, the coachmen are already waiting and invite you to a comfortable city tour. Soon you reach the cathedral square. Salzburg Cathedral impresses with its mighty, 79-metre-high dome and magnificent façade. Not far from the cathedral is one of the oldest cemeteries in the world. The tour continues to the Mönchsberg with additional exhibition rooms of the Museum der Moderne. Passing stately churches, you reach the festival district, the Bürgerspitalplatz, many museums, the Getreidegasse with its medieval skyscrapers and, last but not least, the sites of Mozart.
Mozart, Baroque and more
The Getreidegasse has something enchanting, even if it is filled with crowds of people, especially in summer. At night, when the backdrops are illuminated, it is one of the most photographed streets in the world. The oldest walls in the alley bear the number 21 and date from 1258. In 1756, the child prodigy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart saw the light of day at Getreidegasse 9. The façade, portal and courtyard still look like they did in his time. In 1773, the Mozarts moved to the other bank of the Salzach and moved into the house at Marktplatz 8. The market square, which rises slightly to the south, was laid out at the end of the 13th century and is now a wonderful place to linger.
The St. Sebastian Cemetery is Salzburg’s Campo Santo. At the picturesque cemetery, historical Salzburg personalities lie underground – Mozart’s father Leopold and Mozart’s wife Constanze as well as Genoveva von Weber. The monastery district of St. Peter leads its visitors into the realm of the monks. In the shadow of a steep rock face are the family graves of respected Salzburg clans and catacombs carved into the rock.
Far away from melancholy, Hellbrunn Palace, the pleasure palace in the south of Salzburg and Mirabell Palace as a place for love beckon. The Mirabelle Garden impresses with terraces, fountains and marble statues. On the other hand, Hellbrunn Palace offers a delightful park, which was built at the height of ecclesiastical power in 1613-1619.
Active in Salzburg
A trip to the Gastein Valley or a mountain hike to the Kapuzinerberg promises pure enjoyment. Meditative play a role in the ascent: you look back at the soft image of the city and look at the magnificent mountain scenery. Salzburg is surrounded by mountains, but not oppressed. On the way back, it is worth taking a look at the villa of the poet Stefan Zweig. Thomas Mann, Maurice Ravel and George Wells once stayed here. The encounter with old Austrian coffee house tradition is a must in Salzburg. In the “Café Tomaselli”, Mozart once read the only newspaper that existed at the time and drank a hot chocolate with it.
On the other bank of the Salzach, the “Café Bazar” inspires in a cosy place with a pretty river terrace. Not far away, the Viennese Gürtler family invites you to their famous Sacher coffee house. Hardly anyone can resist the fragrant temptations. Where aircraft fans’ hearts beat faster, you will find the Aircraft Museum with highly sought-after aviation treasures. The runway at runway 16 exerts a magnetic attraction and causes enthusiasm in winter. Hangar-7 is also a place of art with constantly changing events. A trip to the Ice Caves of Werfen is also worthwhile. In the largest ice cave on our planet, the rule is: Dress warmly, even in midsummer.
Tip: In the “Carpe Diem” restaurant, guests enjoy finger food at its finest.
Wheat gold with a twist, on the other hand, is available in Salzburg’s breweries on Rupertgasse.
Salzburg is wonderful and always worth a visit. The graceful city wonder is charming and dreamy. The “Everyman’s City” is a place for true connoisseurs and strollers.
Krakow in southern Poland is the second largest city in the country after the capital Warsaw . It is one of the most historically important cities in Europe and still shines today in the splendour of the Renaissance, Gothic and Art Nouveau, but also other epochs of architecture since the High Middle Ages.
Krakow is also home to the largest square in Europe. This was founded in the Middle Ages and covers 40,000 square meters.
As you can imagine, Krakow also has a lot to offer culturally and was even chosen as the European Capital of Culture in 2000. In addition, numerous myths and legends are rooted in this city. The most famous of these is certainly the legend of the Wawel Dragon, whose home is said to have been located under the hill of the same name in the city. Some sources report that he is said to have lived there before the city was founded. In front of the cave there is now a sculpture of the dragon that can even breathe fire.
The church with the two unequal towers watches over the main square in the old town of Krakow. At the end of the 13th century, it was built on the foundations of a Romanesque church. It belongs to the Gothic period and is a classic example of Polish architecture of this period.
While the portal on the outside is particularly eye-catching, the basilica is richly decorated inside.
Since the 14th century, an hour bell has been rung by hand every hour on the hour and the Hejnał, a Polish triumphal signal, has been blown. However, this breaks off in the middle of it to remind us that the tower keeper was hit by an arrow at this point during the Mongol attack of 1241. This, too, may only be a legend.
There is also a legend surrounding the towers that is supposed to explain their inequality: According to this, they were built by two brothers who wanted to outdo each other. Fearing that the tower of the other brother could tower over the tower, which was already structurally completed, one man killed his brother.
Once home to a dragon, it is said, the hill is now home to the magnificent Wawel Castle.
Built on the remains of an early medieval castle, it used to be the residence of Polish kings and currently functions as a national museum.
A visit to Wawel Hill is like walking through the centuries: Romantic, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque meet there.
The castle itself was built in the 14th century in the Gothic style. Various buildings, defenses and towers are also part of the area. After further architectural changes, however, the palace was largely destroyed by fire at the end of the 16th century and had to be rebuilt.
Below the complex there are numerous caves in the karstified hill, which were already used by early humans and today offer an interesting sightseeing destination.
Auschwitz Birkenau
Outside Krakow, the site of the former Auschwitz concentration camp stands like a huge memorial to all the horrors of World War II. A visit to this complex is recommended not only for history buffs.
The museum, as well as the complex itself, promises a deep insight into the horrors of this bygone time and often the abandoned places speak for themselves. Watchtowers, barbed wire and residential barracks create an eerie atmosphere. Auschwitz has served as a museum since 1947 and has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site since the end of the 70s.
The Krakow Cloth Hall
Krakow Cloth Hall at night, Image: mmuenzl / shutterstock
They are considered an important example of Renaissance architecture in Central Europe. The Cloth Hall, which was built in the 14th century under King Casimir the Great, is now in the style of the 16th century, after it fell victim to a fire and had to be rebuilt. But the halls were also rebuilt in the 1870s and are therefore also characterized by neo-Gothic elements.
As their name suggests, they were used for the trade of fabrics from England and Flanders.
If you want to visit the Cloth Hall, you can do so without further ado, because admission is free. The building still serves its purpose as a marketplace, even if today souvenirs are offered instead of fine cloth. Meanwhile, the upper floor houses the Picture Gallery of Polish National Art.
Rynek Underground
Under the Cloth Hall and the Market Square is the Rynek Underground Museum.
It is located at a depth of four meters under the market square, in the middle of the medieval ruins of the 10th century.
Dark and surrounded by old foundations, the history of the city is brought to life here. Interactive screens in multiple languages are available and short films and animations help illustrate this.
By the way, it is recommended to book tickets in advance, as the number of visitors is limited and the crowds are quite high.
The sky is white-blue, the peaks are snow-covered, the house facades in the pretty villages are brightly painted. No question: There are many reasons for a holiday in Bavaria, because in this southernmost of all federal states there are not only physical but also a number of mental pleasures. In the numerous monasteries and abbeys as retreats of reflection or in Oberammergau, where the Celts once settled in a river valley, where Romans felt at home and the legendary Emperor Ludwig endowed the inhabitants with some privileges. Since the 19th century, Oberammergau, the workshop of the Lüftl painters, has no longer been a blank spot on the tourist map. This is where the famous carvers of God are at home and where amateurs and professionals strive every ten years to trace the suffering of Christ in a Passion Play.
The year 1633 entered the history books of Oberammergau with deep black letters, because the plague caused the number of inhabitants to shrink. The “Black Death” also destroyed everything at the foot of the Ammergau Alps. The social bonds of people and ultimately all moral values. For some, life was short, and not a few believed that the plague was nothing more than the wrath of the Lord God who had come to earth. In Oberammergau, too, the faithful began to flagellate themselves, venerate the saints and set out on pilgrimages. According to historical documents, eighty inhabitants of the Bavarian town died from the plague in 1633, and those who were spared by the plague solemnly vowed to perform a Passion Play from now on.
The plague came on the day of the church consecration festival
There were quite a few people in Oberammergau who saw a sign from the Lord in the fact that the plague arrived in their tranquil village on the church consecration festival of 1632. In the vicinity of the Ettal Monastery, which was once founded by Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian also after a vow, the inhabitants of Oberammergau developed a hectic activity in the first years of their Passion Play. They understood the re-enactment of the Passion of Christ as an act of their own personal religious edification. The original texts of the Passion Play were probably provided by the Augsburg Meistersinger Sebastian Wild and an unknown monk from the Ettal Monastery.
A playhouse for 5,200 visitors
Every ten years, the Bavarian village is now transformed into an apiary, because guests from all over the world come at the time of the Passion Play. And the inhabitants of Oberammergau are also transformed during this time. Woodcarvers then become Roman legionnaires, farmers amateur actors. For every third inhabitant of this place, it is a matter of course to participate in the Passion. Most of them, however, are content with the role of an extra, and those who are chosen to slip into the leading role of Jesus of Nazareth breathe about a hundred times during the season: “It is finished…” The Schauspielhaus, which was built in its current form in 1930, holds about 5,200 visitors. Over time, the technology of the open-air stage was modernized, the façade was embellished and the fire protection improved.
A visit to the Schauspielhaus and thus the traditional site of the Passion is a must for visitors on excursions in Oberammergau at all times. But you can also look over the shoulders of the woodcarvers in the so-called “Pilatushaus” between mid-May and mid-October. By the way, guests can hike to the sights of Oberammergau on foot, because the place is manageable. The parish church of St. Peter and Paul is undoubtedly a gem. It is an important example of the Baroque style of southern Germany and was built until the middle of the 18th century. Inside the church, the rich stucco work and the frescoes on the ceilings and walls catch the eye. The high altar shows the Mother of God as a heavenly helper. The organ of the church was installed in 1893.
The longest year-round toboggan run in the world in Oberammergau
The bunting, Image: Alexander Schmitz / shutterstock
During a stroll through Oberammergau, it is noticeable that the facades of almost all houses have decorative elements and representations. The basics of this technique were provided by a local – the Oberammergau painter Franz Seraph Zwink in the 18th century. The artist shaped the image of the theatre venue with his style. In 2013, a year-round toboggan run was built on the Kolbensattel. If you sit on a rail-controlled sled, you race down into the valley at a maximum speed of forty kilometers per hour. With a distance of 2.5 kilometres and an altitude difference of four hundred metres, this is the longest weatherproof toboggan run in the world.
The Oberammergau Museum has established itself on the beautiful Dorfstraße. The museum’s gems include the historic church nativity scene and several exhibits of local carving. Special exhibitions are held in the attic from time to time. As part of a guided tour of the so-called “Eisenhower Museum”, visitors learn interesting facts about the life of the 34th President of the United States.
Namibia – When the Southern Cross dominates the night sky and a haze covers the barren landscape in the early hours of the day, you can confidently assume that you are in one of the most fascinating regions of Africa.
Namibia is the land of endless expanse and silence. A country whose colors are intense and where the influences of mostly German immigrants mix with the culture of the San, the Herero and the Himba. The Namib Desert, the oldest in the world, gave Namibia its name, and where the wasteland on the other side of the dunes in the Namib-Naukluft National Park is lost, the red of the desert sand blurs in the water bath of the cold Atlantic. Namibia is full of wonders and something like the Eldorado for holidaymakers who leave the beaten tourist path and are enthusiastic about a break that promises the unexpected and adventurous.
Antelopes in Sossusvlei, Image: Radek Borovka / shutterstock
Hardly any other country on our globe enjoys such a large number of dunes as Namibia. For the people of the Namib, they are the real symbols of the country and a playground for the permanent winds that blow over from the Benguela Current. The low water temperatures are the most important factors of the arid climate and the lack of rainfall. The sandy mountains near Sossusvlei are among the outstanding destinations of holidaymakers.
They are a whim of nature – sometimes in constant motion and then again for many years in one spot. The people of the San, who settled this region several centuries ago as gatherers and hunters, speak of the “Singing Dunes”. They fired their imaginations around the campfires and encouraged them to carry on the legends of their ancestors from generation to generation. Over time, the San have shed their shyness of foreign influences and give guests from another world intensive insights into their everyday lives. In the so-called “Living Museums”, the San improve their meagre livelihood and that of their village community.
The largest ship cemetery in the world
The Skeleton Coast in Namibia, Image: Radek Borovka / shutterstock
Over a length of more than 1,500 kilometres, the Namibian dune belt stretches along the Atlantic Ocean. From the border with South Africa and the diamond restricted area near Lüderitz to the Skeleton Coast, which sets wildly romantic accents for some visitors and which others describe as rough and inhospitable. This lonely region is one thing in any case: the largest ship cemetery in the world. Where foggy banks spread out over the sea, the captains often lost their bearings. For the shipwrecked, there was then the gruesome alternative between drowning and dying of thirst. If you take your time and have retained a sense of the little things in life, you will meet wondrous creatures on the Skeleton Coast that look as if they came from a distant time under the sun of the south.
The chameleon is a master when it comes to successfully camouflaging itself. Flora and fauna have many surprises in store. For example, the Welwitschia, which owes its unusual name to the Austrian discoverer Friedrich Welwitsch and is something like a living fossil with leaves that can reach a length of up to two meters. It is not particularly photogenic but ancient – some specimens have survived in the Namib desert for up to two thousand years.
Namibia – The abundant wildlife at the “Lake of Tears”
If you have left the monster deserts behind you as a holidaymaker in a rental car or in a coach on the dusty roads of Namibia, the wind turbines on the huge farms alone form the fixed points. Unless a herd of graceful oryx antelopes grazes next to the road or crosses the path. With their long and pointed horns, they sometimes impale a stray lion in dire need. With a little luck, you can also meet them in the wild.
The chances of experiencing the so-called “Big Five” are particularly high in the Etosha National Park. Namibia is proud to present one of the largest game parks in the world. Some call this huge salt pan “Lake of Tears” or “Land of Dry Water”. In the Ovambo language, the word Etosha is rather to be translated as “Great White Square”. On the edge of the salt lake, which dried up millions of years ago, live no less than 110 species of mammals as well as a gigantic bird life.
Untouched nature and drawings in the rock
The Christ Church in Windhoek, Image: Vadim Nefedoff / shutterstock
There’s no question about it: Namibia is a paradise for outdoor sympathizers and animal lovers. It is a country where “the desert still lives” and where there are a variety of hiking and trekking trails in a largely unspoiled nature. Not far from the fascinating rock carvings of Twyfelfontein with the famous dancing kudu, the so-called “White Lady” can be visited in the Tsisab Gorge on the Brandberg.
The testimonies of the San carved into the rocks are messages from a time that lies centuries ago. The fact that the pictures were so well preserved is due to the climatic conditions in Namibia with an extremely dry air. But they also encourage people to ask questions about the meaning of life and provide information about the social coexistence of the indigenous peoples in Namibia. Rock art in the northwest is undoubtedly a unique treasure of the country and is now also part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
There is always a cool breeze in Swakopmund
The indigenous people of Namibia speak of the “place of emptiness” when they mean the Namib Desert. But in this “emptiness” there are some oases worth seeing. Some of them developed into cities over time. This is also the case with Swakopmund, which becomes a destination for the locals, especially in the months of summer, when the sun burns down from the sky without mercy. In “Swakop” on the Atlantic Ocean, a cool breeze always blows. It is a place where German is the mother tongue of many people who have always lived here. They are the great-grandchildren of those pioneers who came to Namibia during the time of the emperor. There is a lighthouse on the coast, which would also do honor to an island in the North Sea . In Lüderitz, Art Nouveau has never gone out of fashion. From here it is not far to Kolmanskop, the former metropolis of diamond discoveries, swallowed up by the sand. And then there’s Windhoek, the charming Namibian capital, where the “Tafel Lager” beer is brewed according to the German purity laws. There, too, there is a landmark that commemorates the German colonization of the African southwest: the graceful Christ Church. Namibia has many faces. The country is colourful and full of contrasts.
Sights of Namibia at a glance
Etosha National Park
Elephants in Etosha National Park, Image: Efimova Anna / shutterstock
The Etosha National Park is one of the most beautiful and important places in Namibia. As a national park, it is home to 114 species of mammals (including giraffes, lions, cheetahs, rhinos, elephants and many more), over 400 species of birds, 100 different species of reptiles and 16 species of amphibians as well as one species of fish. In this way, the park makes an important contribution to wildlife and nature conservation. An example of this is the success of the Etosha National Park in the protection of black rhinos.
Tourists can drive through the park with their own vehicle or with an expert guide. It should be noted that the vehicle is not allowed to leave, except for fenced-in, specially designated areas. The opening hours of the park are from sunrise to sunset. There is also the possibility to spend the night in the Etosha National Park. With a bit of luck, animals can also be observed from the accommodations. If you stay overnight, you can also enjoy a nightly game drive with an experienced guide.
Bwabwata National Park
The Bwabwata National Park is located at the tip of the Zambezi region and is home to four (lion, leopard, elephant and buffalo) of five species of the so-called “Big Five”. The park is known for its numerous herds of elephants and wild dogs, which are the last of their kind in Namibia. In addition, hippos and crocodiles, other big game and about 400 different bird species can be observed.
Dune 45
Dune 45 got its name from its position (dune number 45 seen from the Atlantic). It is located in the Namib, the oldest desert in the world. The sand of the dune is five million years old. Numerous tourists climb the dune to experience one of the most beautiful views for an evening sundowner.
Another highlight of the Namib is its direct transition to the Atlantic. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country of Namibia owes its name to the Namib Desert.
Fish River Canyon
550 meters deep, 160 kilometers long, 27 kilometers wide – that’s the Fish River Canyon, the second largest canyon in the world (the largest canyon in the world is the Grand Canyon). An impressive nature experience! Guided hikes through the canyon are offered for tourists. An independent descent without a guide is life-threatening and prohibited. The canyon is located in the ǀAi-ǀAis Richtersveld Transfrontier Park and is estimated to be 500 million years old. It is considered Namibia’s national heritage.
Regions in Namibia
Image: moloko_vector / shutterstock
Namibia is divided into thirteen different, separate regions. Each region is worth seeing and has its own highlights and special features. The different regions are:
Ohangwena
Omaheke
Omusati
Oshikoto
Otjozondjupa
Oshana
Khomas
Hardap
Kavango East
Kunene
Kavango West
Erongo
Zambezi
Most famous cities in Namibia
Windhoek
The Christ Church in Windhoek, Image: Vadim Nefedoff / shutterstock
Windhoek is the capital of Namibia, home to 20 percent of the country’s total population. Windhoek brings together all the important institutions and transport hubs, so the city is well integrated into international air traffic. Since the country is shaped by colonialism, African and European influences can also be found in Windhoek. Examples of European influences are the celebration of carnival and Oktoberfest.
Swakopmund
Swakopmund in Namibia, Image: Ado van de Filmchens / shutterstock
Swakopmund, affectionately abbreviated to Swakop by many, is located directly on the Atlantic Ocean and in the Namib Desert. The city is the capital of the Erongo region. Swakopmund has a maritime climate due to its location. On a tour, the city is more reminiscent of a city on the German North Sea, so many cafés, restaurants and shops have German names. Highlights of the city are the numerous activities that can be done in Swakopmund: surfing in the dunes or on the water, quad biking in the desert, canoeing with dolphins, trips to the lunar landscape and many more.
Many tourists focus on the “Big Five”, but Swakopmund also offers excursions to discover the “Little Five”. These are small desert dwellers (proboscis, rhinoceros beetles, buffalo weavers, ant lions and panther tortoises).
Otjiwarongo
Otjiwarongo, as the capital of the Otjozondjupa region, is relatively centrally located in the country. On the one hand, it is located on one of the main roads (the B1) in the country, and on the other hand, it is only about 250 kilometers from Windhoek. Behind Otjiwarongo there are many farms, the surrounding area is rather agricultural. Depending on your own interests and wishes, a visit to the various farms in Namibia is also recommended.
Highlights in Otjiwarongo include Waterberg, a crocodile farm that is one of the oldest of its kind, about 50 kilometers away, as well as the AfriCat Foundation and the Cheetah Conservation Fund. These foundations aim to protect African big cats. All of these destinations are definitely worth a visit!
Kolmannskop
Kolmannskuppe is more of a ghost town. In the past, diamonds were mined in this city, which explains the origin of the settlement. This is located in the desert in the Tsau-ǁKhaeb (restricted area) National Park near the port city of Lüderitz. This in turn means that there were no natural, life-affirming resources such as water, soil or electricity available on site. Nevertheless, up to 400 people lived in the city in the past and built up a complete infrastructure, from gymnasiums to schools to ice factories. This infrastructure was completely left behind in its original state and can still be visited in the same way today. A spooky and fascinating sight at the same time!
Due to the relocation of diamond mining, most of the former residents left Kolmannskop in the 1930s, the last person lived in this town until 1960. Today, the desert blows into the buildings.
More information about Namibia
Despite its size of over 800,000 km², Namibia is the country with the second lowest population density in the world. Only Mongolia is more sparsely populated. Namibia has a population of about 2.3 million, which corresponds to 2.83 inhabitants per km². It feels (and probably actually) that there are more giraffes living in Namibia than people.
The weather in Namibia is usually dry and hot with regional differences.
Tenerife, the island of eternal spring: With a diameter of 50 and a length of 80 kilometres, Tenerife is considered a mini-continent with many climate and vegetation zones. From 0 – 1550 meters a.s.l., about 2100 different plant species grow. The highest point and highest mountain in Spain is the Pico del Teide with an impressive height of 3718 meters. The national park of the same name is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1402, the island was the last Canarian Island conquered. This lasted until 1496. The last city to be conquered was La Laguna, also the capital from 1496 to 1723, then replaced by Santa Cruz.
It should also be noted that Tenerife takes over the management of La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro . The province of Gran Canaria includes Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and 3 other small islands. As the third greenest of the Canary Islands after La Palma and La Gomera, it has made a name for itself. Their biggest export is the banana. Only Isla Bonita (La Palma) has more plantations than Tenerife, the extent is almost endless, especially on the Riviera de Tenerife, the northwest coast. Bananas are planted in monocultures, i.e. harvested all year round. They need up to 25 liters of water per day. In the south, tomato fields are very common. This is the second largest export. Then comes the Strelizie, which was named after the Counts of Strelitz.
Flora and fauna for excursions
The island has several camel taxi stations. Camel rides are very popular in the Canary Islands, just like the tree heaths in the mountains of the island. In its heyday of Jan. until March, they are adorned with pink and white buds. Size: 8- 10 m high. Driving through the Teno Mountains, you will see wide potato fields, the fruits of which have been imported from distant Peru and are bred here in two species: Pasane grass and Pasabenitas. The goose lizard is a subspecies of dandelion and the symbol of the Teno Mountains. The leaves are more pointed than those of dandelions.
Holiday resorts in Tenerife
Costa Adeje, Image: Cristian Balate
The most beautiful resorts on the island are Puerto de la Cruz in the north with its beautiful beaches, Loro Parque and Casino. The harbour and the numerous hotel complexes and bungslows also invite you to enjoy a relaxing holiday. The mountains in the hinterland, which can be climbed on a hike, are particularly charming. There are plenty of well-developed hiking trails in the north of the island.
Playa de Las Americas is located in the south of the island and close to the airport. You can go out to party here and the place with the numerous hotel complexes and the golden sandy beach is often called the “Ballermann of the Canary Islands”. In addition to the party-goers, you can also spend your holiday here very well as a family with children. Especially on the beaches there is a lot going on in summer. Parasols and sun loungers are available for rent. The water is warm and pleasant all year round. In addition to numerous parties that take place here in the clubs and bars, you can of course also try numerous restaurants and different dishes. In addition to typical local cuisine, there are also Asian or African dishes.
Santa Cruz – The beautiful capital
The island’s capital Santa Cruz, Image: RossHelen / shutterstock
If you want to go shopping and have a good time, Santa Cruz is the place to be. There are numerous hotels and many small boutiques where you can get things that are otherwise rather rare on the island. The view of the harbour, where cruise ships also anchor, is beautiful. The capital is very popular for a city trip, or even a short vacation. From here you can drive to numerous beaches. If you spend your holiday in Tenerife , you are best off with a rental car anyway.
Holidays in the middle of nature
The Esperanza Forest is the most famous forest on the island and is located in the middle of a nature reserve, where you can of course also spend the night. In a special way, you get to know the flora and fauna of the island better. The forest stretches along the Curmbre Dorsal, the mountain ridge that adjoins the giant crater Las Canadas to the northeast and breaks off to the surface of La Laguna in the north. Mighty Canary Island pines and eucalyptus trees grow in the forest. This is located in the trade wind fog zone of the island, which makes the dense tree population possible in the first place. The low sleeping water condenses on the long pine needles and the other plants, seeps into the porous volcanic rock and finally accumulates in the cavities with impermeable soil materials. You can experience something like this on one of the numerous ranches that you can rent here. Because from there the way to the forest and the national park is not far.
The west of the island
If you spend your holiday in Los Gigantes, you will see a modern and large coastal town and cannot imagine that a small fishing village still existed here a few years ago. Today, modern hotel complexes line the town, which is not far from the island’s cliffs of the same name. By the way, these are a very popular destination for the island’s guests. But the beach, which is called Playa de los Guios and was created after a volcanic eruption, is particularly beautiful. It has black sand. The rest of the region is steep coast with a depth of up to 450 meters. From the village, you can book whale and dolphin tours. Over the cliffs you have a great view of the lighthouse, which marks the westernmost point of the island. From here there are many opportunities for hiking.
